Grammar! Hoje você aprenderá algumas prepositions de tempo e lugar. As prepositions em Inglês são um pouco complexas pois são usadas em muitos casos diferentes, muitas vezes uma regra não se aplica à todas situações. É preciso praticar muito e fazer vários exercícios para poder ver diferentes casos e assim ficar automático o uso delas. Muitas prepositions se ligam aos verbos formando os phrasal verbs, além de também acompanhar adjetivos e outras classes de palavras. Prepositions of Time
As mais comuns são: at, in e on.
AT
Usamos at antes de horas e datas comemorativas. Veja:
at 10 p.m. / at a quarter to four / at Christmas / at Easter
Usamos at também nas expressões: "at night", "at sunrise", "at sunset", "at midday", "at noon", "at midnight". Veja:
I work at night.
I woke up at midday yesterday.
I like to go to the beach at sunrise.
Usamos at antes das refeições: "at breakfast", "at lunchtime", "at dinnertime"... E também: "at the beginning of the day" e "at the end of the day".
IN
Usamos in antes dos séculos e das décadas: "in the nineteenth century", "in the 20s"... antes dos anos "in 1982", "in 1789"... antes das estações do ano (seasons): "in (the) spring", "in (the) summer", "in (the) fall", "in (the) winter"... antes dos meses: "in January", "in March"... nas expressões: "in the afternoon", " morning", "in thein the evening"... e antes de: "in the middle of the morning".
Observações: Os séculos são lidos como números ordinais, assim como as datas. Veja:
20th century = the twentieth century
1st century = first century
September 1 = Semptember first
October 17 = October seventeenth
As décadas quando abreviadas acrescentamos um -s ao número e quando lidas, lemos o número como se ele estivesse no plural. Veja:
in the 80s = in the eighties
in the 60s = in the sixties
in the 50s = in the fifties
Nas estação o uso de the é opcional. Veja:
We are in summer. = We are in the summer.
My birthday is in winter. = My birthday is in the winter.
ON
Usamos on antes dos dias da semana: "on Monday", "on Saturday", "on Friday"... antes de datas (meses / dias ou meses / dias / anos)... antes de datas comemorativas desde que venham acompanhadas da palavra day: "on Christmas Day", "on my birthday", "on Easter Sunday".
Observações: Falamos "on Monday morning" mas "in the morning on Monday". Não usamos preposição antes das palavras: every, last, next, this... Salvo raras exceções. Veja:
He'll finish the course next year.
I go to the club every summer.
Let's go to the disco this weekend.
I saw her last Wednesday.
Em lições futuras você verá outras prepositions usadas para indicar tempo.
Prepositions of Place
As mesmas prepositions vistas acima podem ser usadas para indicar posição, lugar. Em termos gerais:
ON é usado para dizer que algo está sobre alguma coisa. Veja:
The pencil is on the table. (O lápis está sobre a mesa.)
The calendar is on the wall. (O calendário está na parede.)
IN (ou inside) é usado para indicar que algo está dentro de alguma coisa. Veja:
My book is in my bag. (Meu livro está na minha mala.)
The pen is in the drawer. (A caneta está na gaveta.)
AT é usado para indicar que algo está em algum lugar. Veja:
I am at home. (Estou em casa.)
There is a man at the door. (Tem um homem à porta.)
They are at the table. (Eles estão à mesa.)
Infelizmente o uso das três prepositions acima não é tão simples. Há muitas excessões e expressões. Veja mais alguns usos abaixo:
| at | in | on |
| at the corner | in the garden | on the wall |
| at the bus stop | in London | on the ceiling |
| at the door | in France | on the door |
| at the top of the page | in a box | on the cover |
| at the end of the road | in my pocket | on the floor |
| at the entrance | in my wallet | on the carpet |
| at the crossroads | in a building | on the menu |
| at the front desk | in a car | on a page |
Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
The shop is at the end of the street.
My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
When will you arrive at the office?
Do you work in an office?
I have a meeting in New York.
Do you live in Japan?
Jupiter is in the Solar System.
The author's name is on the cover of the book.
There are no prices on this menu.
You are standing on my foot.
There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.
My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
When will you arrive at the office?
Do you work in an office?
I have a meeting in New York.
Do you live in Japan?
Jupiter is in the Solar System.
The author's name is on the cover of the book.
There are no prices on this menu.
You are standing on my foot.
There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.
| at | in | on |
| at home | in a car | on a bus |
| at work | in a taxi | on a train |
| at school | in a helicopter | on a plane |
| at university | in a boat | on a ship |
| at college | in a lift (elevator) | on a bicycle, on a motorbike |
| at the top | in the newspaper | on a horse, on an elephant |
| at the bottom | in the sky | on the radio, on television |
| at the side | in a row | on the left, on the right |
| at reception | in Oxford Street | on the way |
Antes de estudar mais sobre as prepositions acima, dê uma olhadinha em outras prepositions de lugar:
| Preposition | Translation | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| above | acima | The picture hangs above my bed. |
| across | no outro lado de | You mustn't go across this road here. There isn't a bridge across the river. |
| after | atrás de, depois de | The cat ran after the dog. After you. |
| against | contra | The bird flew against the window. |
| along | por, ao lado de | They're walking along the beach. |
| among | entre (muitos) | I like being among people. |
| around | em volta | We're sitting around the campfire. |
| behind | atrás | Our house is behind the supermarket. |
| below | abaixo de | Death Valley is 86 metres below sea level. |
| beside | ao lado de | Our house is beside the supermarket. |
| between | entre (duas coisas) | Our house is between the supermarket and the school. |
| by | perto, próximo | He lives in the house by the river. |
| close to | perto, próximo | Our house is close to the supermarket. |
| down | debaixo (segue um verbo) | He came down the hill. |
| from | de (origem) | Do you come from Tokyo? |
| in front of | em frente de | Our house is in front of the supermarket. |
| inside | dentro | You shouldn't stay inside the castle. |
| near | perto, próximo | Our house is near the supermarket. |
| next to | ao lado de | Our house is next to the supermarket. |
| opposite | do outro lado de | Our house is opposite the supermarket. |
| outside | fora | Can you wait outside? |
| over | por cima de | The cat jumped over the wall. |
| round | ao redor de | We're sitting round the campfire. |
| through | através | You shouldn't walk through the forest. |
| to | para | I like going to Australia. Can you come to me? I've never been to Africa. |
| towards | em direção a | We ran towards the castle. |
| under | em baixo de | The cat is under the table. |
| up | acima (segue um verbo) | He went up the hill. |
As prepositions que você aprendeu hoje aparecerão novamente em lições futuras para reforçar o aprendizado delas. O conceito básico foi passado, faça as atividades propostas da lição para treinar e afiar o uso delas.
Vocabulary! Veja abaixo como são os ordinal numbers em Inglês. Clique no play para ouvir a pronúncia:| 1st | first | 17th | seventeenth |
| 2nd | second | 18th | eighteenth |
| 3rd | third | 19th | nineteenth |
| 4th | fourth | 20th | twentieth |
| 5th | fifth | 21st | twenty-first |
| 6th | sixth | 22nd | twenty-second |
| 7th | seventh | 23rd | twenty-third |
| 8th | eighth | 24th | twenty-fourth |
| 9th | ninth | 25th | twenty-fifth |
| 10th | tenth | 26th | twenty-sixth |
| 11th | eleventh | 27th | twenty-seventh |
| 12th | twelfth | 28th | twenty-eighth |
| 13th | thirteenth | 29th | twenty-ninth |
| 14th | fourteenth | 30th | thirtieth |
| 15th | fifteenth | 31st | thirty-first |
| 16th | sixteenth |
Perceba que para usar o número abreviado basta escrever o numeral e acrescentar as duas útimas letras da forma escrita = 1st (first). Em números compostos, somente o último é lido como ordinal = 23rd (twenty-third), 5111th (five thousand, one hundred eleventh).
Os ordinal numbers são usados para expressar:
* Datas: Sep 11 = September eleventh / September the eleventh
* Posição: He was the first in the competition.
* Para ler séculos: in the 19th century = in the nineteenth century
* Para ler números romanos: Henry V = Henry the fifthÉ comum usar the antes dos ordinal numbers.
Os demais ordinal numbers seguem as mesmas regras dos números já mencionados acima. Preste atenção, pois, as dezenas (quando inteiras) perdem o -y e ganham -ieth. Veja:
40th: fortieth
50th: fiftieth
60th : sixtieth
Practice! Faça o quiz abaixo e escreva os ordinal numbers, você terá apenas 5 minutos. Será que você consegue?
i-Pocket Pod! Leia um pouco sobre a polêmica Amy Winehouse e depois faça a atividade proposta.
Winehouse's 2003 debut album Frank was commercially and critically successful in her native Britain. It was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Her 2006 follow-up album Back to Black led to six Grammy Award nominations and five wins, tying the record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night, and made Winehouse the first British singer to win five Grammys, including three of the "Big Four": Best New Artist, Record of the Year and Song of the Year. On 14 February 2007, she won a BRIT Award for Best British Female Artist; she had also been nominated for Best British Album. She has won the Ivor Novello Award three times, one in 2004 for Best Contemporary Song (musically and lyrically) for "Stronger Than Me", one in 2007 for Best Contemporary Song for "Rehab", and one in 2008 for Best Song Musically and Lyrically for "Love Is a Losing Game", among other prestigious distinctions.
Winehouse has been credited as being an influence in the rise in popularity of female musicians and soul music.
Winehouse has received media attention apart from her singing. Her distinctive style has been the muse for fashion designers such as Karl Lagerfeld. The singer's problems with drug and alcohol addiction, as well as self-destructive behaviour, have become regular tabloid news since 2007. She and her former husband, Blake Fielder-Civil, were plagued by legal troubles that left him serving prison time. In 2008, Winehouse faced a series of health complications that threatened both her career and her life.
Assista ao vídeo da música "Rehab" da Amy Winehouse no i-Pocket Pod abaixo, depois ouça a música novamente e complete as lacunas.
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I ain't got the and if my daddy thinks I'm
He's tried to make me go rehab but I won't go go go
I'd rather be at with ray
I ain't got days
Cause there's nothing
There's nothing can teach me
That I can't learn Mr Hathaway
I didn't get a lot in
But I know it don't in a shot glass
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I ain't got the and if my daddy thinks I'm
He's tried to make me go rehab but I won't go go go
The man said 'why do you think you '
I said 'I got no
I'm gonna, I'm gonna lose my
so I always keep a bottle near'
He said 'I just think you're ,
this me, yeah baby, and the rest'
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I don't ever wanna again
I just ooh I just need a
I'm not gonna spend weeks
have everyone think I'm on the mend
It's not just pride
It's just 'til tears have dried
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I ain't got the and if my daddy thinks I'm
He's tried to make me go rehab but I won't go go go
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I ain't got the and if my daddy thinks I'm
He's tried to make me go rehab but I won't go go go
I'd rather be at with ray
I ain't got days
Cause there's nothing
There's nothing can teach me
That I can't learn Mr Hathaway
I didn't get a lot in
But I know it don't in a shot glass
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I ain't got the and if my daddy thinks I'm
He's tried to make me go rehab but I won't go go go
The man said 'why do you think you '
I said 'I got no
I'm gonna, I'm gonna lose my
so I always keep a bottle near'
He said 'I just think you're ,
this me, yeah baby, and the rest'
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I don't ever wanna again
I just ooh I just need a
I'm not gonna spend weeks
have everyone think I'm on the mend
It's not just pride
It's just 'til tears have dried
They tried to make me go rehab but I said 'no, no, no'
Yes I've been but when I come
You'll know know know
I ain't got the and if my daddy thinks I'm
He's tried to make me go rehab but I won't go go go
Answers:
to / black / back / time / fine / to / home / seventy / you / from / class / come / to / black / back / time / fine / to / here / idea / baby / depressed / to / black / back / drink / friend / ten / my / these / to / black / back / time / fine / to
Os exercícios desta e das demais lições estão na seção DOWNLOADS ao lado direito do blog.
Baixe-os e reforce seu aprendizado.
Thanks for visiting my blog!
Come back to the next lesson.
Roberto Santos
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