Sunday, October 25

L 0015: Adjectives




Vocabulary! Agora que já você já viu alguns tempos verbais e já aprendeu muitas palavras através dos exercícios e do blog, aprenda os adjectives. É importante saber que os adjectives em Inglês NÃO possuem forma no plural, ou seja, são usados SEMPRE no singular e que eles SEMPRE aparecem antes do substantivo (noun). Veja:

She is a beautiful girl.
I have a yellow T-shirt.
My sister bought a beautiful blue car.

Aprenda alguns adjectives divididos em grupos. Para ver a tradução da palavra basta passar o mouse em cima dela. Os adjectives podem ser usados tanto para o masculino quanto para o feminino, salvo raras exceções.

Personality

Positive Personality Adjectives
adaptable
adorable
affable
agreeable
alert
alluring
ambitious
amusing
boundless
brave
bright
calm
capable
charming
cheerful
coherent
comfortable
confident
cooperative
courageous
credible
cultured
dashing
dazzling
debonair
decisive
decorous
delightful
determined
diligent
discreet
dynamic
eager
efficient
elated
eminent
enchanting
encouraging
endurable
energetic
entertaining
enthusiastic
excellent
exciting
exclusive
exuberant
fabulous
fair
faithful
fantastic
fearless
fine
frank
friendly
funny
fussy
generous
gentle
glorious
good
happy
harmonious
helpful
hilarious
honorable
impartial
industrious
instinctive
jolly
joyous
kind
kind-hearted
knowledgeable
likeable
lively
lovely
loving
loyal
lucky
mature
modern
nice
obedient
painstaking
peaceful
perfect
placid
plausible
pleasant
plucky
 
productive
protective
proud
punctual
quiet
receptive
reflective
reputable
resolute
responsible
rhetorical
righteous
romantic
sedate
seemly
selective
self-assured
sensitive
serene
shrewd
sincere
skilful
smiling
splendid
steadfast
stimulating
successful
succint
talented
thoughtful
thrifty
tough
trustworthy
unbiased
unusual
upbeat
vigorous
vivacious
warm
willing
wise
witty
wonderful
zany
zealous







Pocket Quiz! Faça a crossword abaixo e revise algumas das palavras vistas acima. Quando terminar de fazer uma crossword, clique em start over e faça outra, com palavras diferentes. Have fun!






Negative Personality Adjectives
abrasive
abrupt
abusive
afraid
aloof
ambiguous
angry
annoying
anxious
arrogant
ashamed
awful
bad
bad-tempered
belligerent
bewildered
boorish
boring
callous
careless
clumsy
compulsive
confused
coward
crazy
creepy
cruel
cynical
daft
dangerous
deceitful
defeated
defiant
demoni
depressed
deranged
disagreeable
disillusioned
disturbed
domineering
draconian
embarrassed
envious
erratic
evasive
evil
faint-hearted
fanatical
fierce
filthy
finicky
flashy
flippant
foolish
forgetful
frantic
fretful
frightening
furtive
greedy
grieving
grouchy
gruesome
grumpy
guilty
gullible
helpless
hesitant
homeless
horrible
hungry
hurt
ignorant
ill
irresolute
jealous
jittery
lacking
lazy
lonely
malicious
materialistic
mean
mutinous
naive
nasty
naughty
nervous
noisy
obnoxious
outrageous
panicky
pathetic
possessive
quarrelsome
repulsive
ruthless
sad
scary
secretive
selfish
silly
slow
sneaky
snobbish
sore
spendthrift
squeamish
stingy
strange
sulky
tacky
tense
terrible
testy
thick-skinned
thoughtless
threatening
tight-fisted
timid
tiresome
troubled
truculent
tyrant
undesirable
unsuitable
unsure
upset
uptight
vague
vengeful
venomous
volatile
voracious
vulgar
wasteful
weak
weary
wicked
worried
worthless
wretched
xenophobic
 

Materials

cardboard = papelão
clay = barro / argila
coal = carvão
cotton = algodão
denim = brim
glass = vidro
iron = ferro
lace = renda
lead = chumbo
leather = couro
linen = linho
marble = mármore
metal = metal
paper = papel
plastic = plástico
polyester = poliester
rubber = borracha
silk = seda
steel = aço
wood = madeira
wool = lã

Shapes

rectangular = retangular
triangular = triangular
spherical = esférico
square = quadrado
cubic = cúbico
concave = côncavo
circular = circular
spiral = espiral
pyramidal = piramidal

Colors


Tenho certeza que você já conhece algumas colors, então, faça o word search abaixo e procure pelo nome de algumas delas.







Abaixo estão as colors mais básicas. Lembre-se que para dizer que uma cor é escura você usa a palavra dark antes da cor, e para dizer que ela é clara você usa light também antes da cor. Veja:













RedGreenBlueWhiteBlackYellowOrange







PinkBrownBeigeGrayLight blueDark green Purple


Appearance
(opposites)

beautiful - ugly
tall - short
handsome - ugly
big - little
clean - dirty
fat - thin
light - dark
long - short
young - old
strong - weak
attractive - unattractive
fit - unfit
hairy - bald
skinny - obese
chubby - slender




Grammar! Order of Adjectives

É importante saber que quando temos mais de um adjective descrevendo um noun, precisamos usar uma ordem. Eu sempre digo aos meus alunos para memorizarem a expressão – OSASCO MP -, onde: O = Opinion, S = Size, A = Age, S = Shape, C = Color, O = Origin, M = Material e P = Purpose. Dessa forma fica mais fácil lembrar qual ordem ser seguida. Veja:


a beautiful large old rectangular blue American leather sleeping bag

(article + opinion + size + age + shape + color + origin + material + purpose + noun)
 

É claro que nem sempre usamos tantos adjectives para descrever um noun, mas é sempre bom saber a ordem correta para que tudo fique em perfeita harmonia. O article (a, an) deve ser usado caso o noun seja singular (lembre-se que a é usado antes de palavras que começam com sons consonantais e an antes de palavras que começam com sons vocálicos).



Pay attention! Muitas pessoas cometem um erro ao dizer frases do tipo: “Fiquei nervoso.”, “Fiquei chateado.” “Fiquei deprimido.” em Inglês, pois usam o verbo stay. O verbo ficar é stay, entretanto o verbo stay indica permanecer. Veja: “Stay here, I’ll be back.” “My students stayed in the classroom.” Para o outro sentido usaremos get. Veja:


Fiquei nervoso. = I got angry.
Fiquei chateado. = I got bored.
Fiquei deprimido. = I got depressed.

Lembre-se que got é passado de get.



Vocabulary! Veja como descrever uma pessoa. Podem ocorrer variações, mesmo por que muitas regras são quebradas quando usamos um idioma. Mas é sempre bom deixar as coisas organizadas na mente.

Mary is a beautiful girl. She is intelligent, nice, easy-going and romantic. She is seventeen years old. She is white, tall and thin. She has green eyes and long blond straight hair.


Note que para descrever os cabelos da Mary eu usei: length (comprimento) + color + style (estilo).

Length: long, shoulder-length, short, shaved

Style: straight, curly, wavy, spiky, frizzy

As colors para hair e eyes são as convencionais, entretanto temos algumas outras colors:

mel = hazel
loiro(a) = blond
ruiva (o) = red
grisalho = gray 

Com a tecnologia capilar muitas pessoas alteram suas madeixas. Veja abaixo alguns processos:

alisamento / chapinha / progressiva: hair straightening
luzes: highlights
moicano: mohican / mohawk
topete: pompadour / forelock
rabo de cavalo: ponytail
franja: fringe / bangs
trança: braid
cabelo tingido: dyed hair
permanente: perm
relaxamento: hair relaxing
queda de cabelo: hair loss
peruca: wig

Quanto a cor da pele temos white e black, com variações. Nunca chame um afro descendente de negro /nigrou/ pois é uma palavra considerada vulgar na língua Inglesa, use black.

Numbers podem ser usados como adjectives também, neste caso eles serão sempre escritos com hífens juntando-se a palavras como year, century, decade sempre usadas no singular, pois adjectives no Inglês não possuem forma no plural. Veja:

She is an eighteen-year-old girl.
This is an eighteenth-century sofa.
Mary is a thirty-nine-year-old woman.

Tipos de perguntas que podem ser feitas para saber sobre uma pessoa:

What’s she like? (personality)
She is intelligent and sincere.

What does she look like? (appearance)
She is tall and slim. She is very beautiful.

What’s the weather like? (temperature)
It's cold and raining today.

What’s your country like? (description)
It's big and full of green areas. 

Observação: A palavra like nos casos acima não tem relação com o verbo like = gostar. Preste atenção!



i-Pocket Pod! Você sabe bastante coisas sobre a cantora Alanis Morissette? Então arrisque o quiz abaixo.





Antes de assistir ao vídeo da música "Hand in my pocket" da Alanis no i-Pocket Pod abaixo, complete a letra com o oposto das palavras em parênteses. Depois ouça a música e confira suas respostas. 






I'm broke but I'm (sad)
I'm (rich) but I'm kind
I'm
(tall) but I'm healthy, yeah
I'm
(low) but I'm grounded
I'm
(insane) but
I'm overwhelmed
I'm lost but I'm
(hopeless)baby

What it all comes down to
Is that everything's gonna be fine fine fine
I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is giving a high five

I feel drunk but I'm sober
I'm
(old) and I'm underpaid
I'm tired but I'm working, yeah
I care but I'm worthless
I'm here but I'm really gone
I'm
(right) and I'm sorry baby

What it all comes down to
Is that everything's gonna be quite alright
I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is flicking a cigarette

What it all comes down to
Is that I haven't got it all figured out just yet
I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is giving the peace sign

I'm
(unfree) but I'm focused
I'm green but I'm
(unwise)
I'm (sociable) but I'm friendly baby
I'm
(happy) but I'm laughing
I'm
(afraid) but I'm chicken shit
I'm
(healthy) but I'm pretty baby

And what it all boils down to
Is that no one's really got it figured out just yet
I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is playing the piano

What it all comes down to my friends
Is that everything's just fine fine fine
I've got one hand in my pocket
And the other one is hailing a taxicab...



As músicas da cantora Alanis Morissette são muito ricas em vocabulary, vale à pena procurar estudá-las.


Em lições futuras você aprenderá mais adjectives e seus usos, fique ligado (a).




Answers :
happy - poor - short - high - sane - hopeful - young - wrong - free - wise - shy - sad - brave - sick



Os exercícios desta e das demais lições estão na seção DOWNLOADS ao lado direito do blog. 
Baixe-os e reforce seu aprendizado.







Thanks for visiting my blog!
Come back to the next lesson.

Roberto Santos

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