Countries | Nationalities | |
| Africa | African | |
| Albania | Albanian | |
| America | American | |
| Argentina | Argentinian | |
| Asia | Asian | |
| Australia | Australian | |
| Austria | Austrian | |
| Belgium | Belgian | |
| Bosnia | Bosnian | |
| Brazil | Brazilian | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | |
| Canada | Canadian | |
| China | Chinese | |
| Croatia | Croatian | |
| Czech Republic | Czech | |
| Denmark | Danish | |
| Egypt | Egyptian | |
| Ireland | Irish | |
| Israel | Israeli | |
| Italy | Italian | |
| Japan | Japanese | |
| Latvia | Latvian | |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | |
| Luxemburg | Luxemburger | |
| Molta | Moltese | |
| Netherlands | Dutch | |
| New Zealand | New Zealander | |
| Norway | Norwegian | |
| Macedonia | Macedonian | |
| Mexico | Mexican | |
| Poland | Polish | |
| Portugal | Portuguese | |
| Romania | Romanian | |
| Russia | Russian | |
| England | English | |
| Estonia | Estonian | |
| Europe | European | |
| Finland | Finnish | |
| French | French | |
| Germany | German | |
| Great Britain | British | |
| Greece | Greek | |
| Hungary | Hungarian | |
| Iceland | Icelandic | |
| India | Indian | |
| Scotland | Scottish | |
| Servia | Servian | |
| Slovakia | Slovak | |
| Slovenia | Slovene | |
| Spain | Spanish | |
| Sweden | Swedish | |
| Switzerland | Swiss | |
| Turkey | Turkish | |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian | |
| Wales | Welsh |
Pay attention! Todas as nationalities e countries devem ser sempre escritas com letra maiúscula.
Algumas perguntas básicas que podem ser feitas usando o vocabulário acima. Ouça a pronúncia clicando no player abaixo:
* Where are you from?
I'm from Brazil.
* What's your nationality?
I'm Brazilian.
* Where is Brazil?
It's in South America.
* What city do you live in?
I live in São Paulo.
* What language is spoken in Brazil?
Portuguese.
Grammar! Agora que você já aprendeu o simple present dê uma olhada no present continuous (presente contínuo). Ele é bem simples: para formá-lo vamos precisar do verbo to be + um verbo principal + -ing. Veja:Mary is working today.
Peterson is eating a pizza.
John and Pietro are walking in the street.
Usamos o present continuous para falar de ações que estão acontecendo no momento. Em Português temos: "Ela está comendo"... "Ele está caminhando"... "Nós estamos dançando". Algumas ações que estão acontecendo pelo momento presente também podem ser usadas com o present continuous, não sendo necessário ocorrer neste exato momento, mas durante a semana, o mês... desde que sejam ações temporárias. Veja:
My sister is studying in Europe.
I am learning German at school.
I am teaching in a new school.
Para usarmos as formas negativa e interrogativa faremos o mesmo esquema do verbo to be, afinal de contas ele está presente nesse tipo de oração. Então para a negativa acrescentaremos "not" após o verbo to be e para fazer a interrogativa inverteremos o to be com o sujeito da oração. Veja:
Mary is sending me an e-mail.
Mary is not sending me an e-mail.
Is Mary sending me an e-mail?
Paulo and Jack are sleeping.
Paulo and Jack are not sleeping.
Are Paulo and Jack sleeping?
As formas abreviadas também podem ser usadas com o present continuous. Veja:
Para usarmos as formas negativa e interrogativa faremos o mesmo esquema do verbo to be, afinal de contas ele está presente nesse tipo de oração. Então para a negativa acrescentaremos "not" após o verbo to be e para fazer a interrogativa inverteremos o to be com o sujeito da oração. Veja:
Mary is sending me an e-mail.
Mary is not sending me an e-mail.
Is Mary sending me an e-mail?
Paulo and Jack are sleeping.
Paulo and Jack are not sleeping.
Are Paulo and Jack sleeping?
As formas abreviadas também podem ser usadas com o present continuous. Veja:
I'm studying now.
I'm not studying now.
She's sending me an e-mail.
She isn't sending me an e-mail.
They're eating popcorn.
They aren't eating popcorn.
Todas as regrinhas usadas com o verbo to be são aplicadas aqui da mesma forma. Revise as regrinhas na L 0001 e L 0002.
Assim como no simple present, o present continuous possui algumas regrinhas para escrever os verbos. Quando adicionamos -ing à uma palavra devemos seguir as seguintes regras:
* verbos terminados em -e = retira-se o -e e acrescenta -ing no lugar. Veja:
come = coming / take = taking
* verbos terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante (CVC), dobram a última consoante e então acrescenta-se -ing. Veja:
get = getting / hit = hitting / sit = sitting / win = winning
* verbos terminados em -ie mudam para -ying. Veja:
die = dying / lie = lying
Importante! Nunca pronuncie o -g final dos verbos. Ouça abaixo algumas frases e pratique a pronúncia:
My mother is smoking.
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
My mother is smoking.
The fowers are dying.
The car is stopping.
My sister is making a pizza.
Are you playing soccer?
Is Debbie traveling to London?
Are you writing a letter to me?
Is that boy cutting the paper?
I'm not studying.
She isn't taking a cab.
They aren't lying.
Agora ouça as frases abaixo e tente escrevê-las, depois clique em check para ver as respostas:
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06.
07.
08.
09.
10.
Pay attention! Verbos de "preferência" como like, love, hate, prefer... e outros verbos como understand, believe, trust, não costumam ser usados no present continuous, somente no simple present. Veja:* I'm understanding. (errado) = I understand. (correto)
* I'm liking you. (errado) = I like you. (correto)
O verbo to be na forma com -ing fica being. Apesar de não ser costumeira sua aparição, é bom saber que essa forma existe.
Não se deve dobrar consoantes de verbos terminados em -w ou -y e também aqueles cuja sílaba forte for a primeira (neste caso é preciso praticar a pronúncia das palavras). Veja:
follow = following / enjoy = enjoying / play = playing
happen = happening / listen = listening / open = opening / visit = visiting
When Vega was two and a half, the family moved to New York City. She grew up in Spanish Harlem and the Upper West Side. At the age of nine she began to write poetry; she wrote her first song at age fourteen. Later she attended New York's prestigious High School of Performing Arts (now called LaGuardia High School). There she studied modern dance and graduated in 1977.
While majoring in English literature at Barnard College, she performed in small venues in Greenwich Village, where she was a regular contributor to Jack Hardy's Monday night songwriters' group at the Cornelia Street Cafe and had some of her first songs published on Fast Folk anthology albums. In 1984, she received a major label recording contract, making her one of the first Fast Folk artists to break out on a major label.
Vega's self-titled debut album was released in 1985 and was well-received by critics in the U.S.; it reached platinum status in the United Kingdom. Produced by Lenny Kaye and Steve Addabbo, the songs feature Vega's acoustic guitar in straightforward arrangements. A video was released for the album's song "Marlene on the Wall", which went into MTV and VH1's rotations. During this period Vega also wrote lyrics for two songs on Songs from Liquid Days by composer Philip Glass.
Her next effort, Solitude Standing (1987), garnered critical and commercial success including two hit singles: "Tom's Diner" and "Luka", the latter of which was an international success. "Luka" is written about, and from the point of view of, an abused child—at the time an uncommon subject for a pop hit. While continuing a focus on Vega's acoustic guitar, the music is more strongly pop-oriented and features fuller arrangements. The a cappella "Tom's Diner" was later a hit again, remixed by two British dance producers under the name DNA, in 1990. Originally a bootleg, Vega allowed DNA to release the track through her record company, and it became her all-time biggest hit.
Assista ao vídeo da música "Tom's Diner" da Suzanne Vega no i-Pocket Pod abaixo, depois ouça a música novamente e complete as lacunas com os verbos na forma do present continuous. Alguns verbos estão abreviados, preste atenção ao sinal ( ' ).
I (sit)
In the morning
At the diner
On the corner
I (wait)
At the counter
For the man
To pour the coffee
And he fills it
Only halfway
And before
I even argue
He (look)
Out the window
At somebody
Coming in
"It is always
Nice to see you"
Says the man
Behind the counter
To the woman
Who has come in
She (shake)
Her umbrella
And I look
The other way
As they (kiss)
Their hellos
I' (pretend)
Not to see them
Instead
I pour the milk
I open
Up the paper
There's a story
Of an actor
Who had died
While he was drinking
It was no one
I had heard of
And I' (turn)
To the horoscope
And looking
For the funnies
When I' (feel)
Someone watching me
And so
I raise my head
There's a woman
On the outside
Looking inside
Does she see me?
No she does not
Really see me
Cause she sees
Her own reflection
And I' (try)
Not to notice
That she' up her skirt (hitch)
And while she' her stockings (straighten)
Her hair
Has gotten wet
Oh, this rain
It will continue
Through the morning
As I' (listen)
To the bells
Of the cathedral
I (think)
Of your voice...
And of the midnight picnic
Once upon a time
Before the rain began...
I finish up my coffee
It's time to catch the train
I am sitting
I am waiting
He is looking
She is shaking
they are kissing
I'm pretending
I'm turning
I'm feeling
I'm trying
she's hitching
she's straightening
I'm listening
I am thinking
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Roberto Santos
